Inglês

Formação de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx)

Q57780

Inglês » Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Ano: 2016 Banca: EsPCEx Órgão: Formação de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) Nível Médio Prova: Cadete do Exército - 2° Dia

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Q57780 - texto associado

How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law

The passage of the Marco Civil da Internet, an “Internet bill of rights” commonly referred to in English as the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, demonstrates how the Internet can be used to rejuvenate democratic governance in the digital age. The law is important not only for its content, but for the innovative and participatory way it was written, bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making to go directly to the country’s citizens. At a moment when governments of all kinds are viewed as increasingly distant from ordinary people, Brazil’s example makes an argument that democracy offers a way forward.

The pioneering law was signed in 2014 and has three components. First, it safeguards privacy by restricting the ability of private corporations and the government to store Internet users’ browsing histories. Second, it mandates a judicial review of requests to remove potentially offensive or illegal material, including content that infringes copyrights. And third, it prohibits Internet service providers from manipulating data transfer speeds for commercial purposes. The bill was acclaimed by activists as an example the rest of the world should follow.

What makes this law even more interesting is that it became one of the largest-ever experiments in crowdsourcing legislation. The law’s original text was written through a website that allowed individual citizens and organizations — including NGOs, businesses, and political parties — to interact with one another and publicly debate the law’s content. This process was markedly different from the traditional method of writing bills “behind closed doors” in the halls of Congress, a process that favored well-connected families and large corporations.

Policymakers in other countries have tried to capture citizen input using social media before, but never on this scale, in a country of roughly 200 million people. Whether it would succeed was far from certain. During the website’s public launch, in 2009, one of the government lawyers summed up the organizers’ high hopes: “This experience could transform the way we discuss not just legislation about the Internet, but also the way we discuss other bills in Brazil, and, in so doing, reconfigure our democracy.”

Adapted from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/19/how-brazil-crowdsourced-a-landmark-law/

According to the text, choose the correct statement.

a) Organizers were sure the experience would be totally successful.

b) Other laws from now on can be written and discussed the same way.

c) The content of the law is more important than the way it was written.

d) This innovative way to develop a law puts democracy at risk.

e) Brazil’s example made activists and political parties disappointed.

resolva Q57780 | Comente a Questão (coloque o Nº "Q57780") | » Apostila de Inglês 2025

Q57781

Inglês » Voz passiva | Passive voice

Ano: 2016 Banca: EsPCEx Órgão: Formação de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) Nível Médio Prova: Cadete do Exército - 2° Dia

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Q57781 - texto associado

Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart Weaponry Alone

Technology has long been a deciding factor on the battlefield, from powerful artillery to new weaponry to innovations in the seas and the skies. Twenty-five years ago, it was no different, as the United States and its allies proved overwhelmingly successful in the Persian Gulf War. A coalition of U.S. Army Apache attack helicopters, cruise missiles from naval vessels, and Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk “stealth fighters” soundly broke through Saddam Hussein’s army defenses in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm, which became known as the “100-hour war”.

But for all the possibilities that this “Computer War” offered, Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart weaponry, alone. Despite the “science fiction”-like technology deployed, 90 percent of the pieces of ammunition used in Desert Storm were actually “dumb weapons”. The bombs, which weren’t guided by lasers or satellites, were lucky to get within half a kilometer of their targets after they were dumped from planes. While dumb bombs might not have been exciting enough to make the headlines during the attack, they were cheaper to produce and could be counted on to work. But frequency of use doesn’t change why history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones.

Adapted from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ operation-desert-storm-was-not-won-smart-weaponry-alone- 180957879/

Choose the alternative that has the sentence “Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart weaponry” (paragraph 2) correctly changed into active voice.

a) Smart weaponry hasn’t won operation desert storm.

b) Smart weaponry didn’t win operation desert storm.

c) Smart weaponry doesn’t win operation desert storm.

d) Smart weaponry isn’t winning operation desert storm.

e) Smart weaponry won’t win operation desert storm.

resolva Q57781 | Comente a Questão (coloque o Nº "Q57781") | » Apostila de Inglês 2025

Q57782

Inglês » Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Ano: 2016 Banca: EsPCEx Órgão: Formação de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) Nível Médio Prova: Cadete do Exército - 2° Dia

» Conteúdo Associado à Questão

Q57782 - texto associado

Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart Weaponry Alone

Adapted from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ operation-desert-storm-was-not-won-smart-weaponry-alone- 180957879/

According to the text, “dumb weapons” (paragraph 2) were

a) bombs that couldn’t reach any coalition planes.

b) bombs that were “science fiction”-like targets.

c) bombs that weren’t guided by lasers or satellites.

d) bombs that became known as smart weaponry.

e) bombs that were exciting enough for the headlines.

resolva Q57782 | Comente a Questão (coloque o Nº "Q57782") | » Apostila de Inglês 2025

Q57783

Inglês » Palavras conectivas | Connective words, Sinônimos | synonymous

Ano: 2016 Banca: EsPCEx Órgão: Formação de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) Nível Médio Prova: Cadete do Exército - 2° Dia

» Conteúdo Associado à Questão

Q57783 - texto associado

Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart Weaponry Alone

Adapted from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ operation-desert-storm-was-not-won-smart-weaponry-alone- 180957879/

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the expression rather than in the sentence “... history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones.” (paragraph 2).

a) as well as

b) besides

c) in addition to

d) aside from

e) instead of

resolva Q57783 | Comente a Questão (coloque o Nº "Q57783") | » Apostila de Inglês 2025

Q57784

Inglês » Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Ano: 2016 Banca: EsPCEx Órgão: Formação de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) Nível Médio Prova: Cadete do Exército - 2° Dia

» Conteúdo Associado à Questão

Q57784 - texto associado

Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes?

The mosquito is the most dangerous animal in the world, carrying diseases that kill one million people a year. Now the Zika virus, which is carried by mosquitoes, has been linked with thousands of babies born with brain defects in South America. There are 3,500 known species of mosquitoes, but only the females from just 6% of species draw blood from humans - to help them develop their eggs. Of these, just half carry parasites that cause human diseases.

More than a million people, mostly from poorer nations, die each year from mosquito-borne diseases, including Malaria, Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever. Some mosquitoes also carry the Zika virus, which was first thought to cause only mild fever and rashes. However, scientists are now worried that it can damage babies in the womb. There’s a constant effort to educate people to use nets and other tactics to avoid being bitten. But would it just be simpler to make an entire species of disease-carrying mosquito extinct?

In Britain, scientists at Oxford University and the biotech firm Oxitec have genetically modified (GM) the males of Aedes aegypti - a mosquito species that carries both the Zika and Dengue viruses. These GM males carry a gene that stops their offspring from developing properly. This second generation of mosquitoes then die before they can reproduce and become carriers of disease themselves.

So are there any downsides to removing mosquitoes? Mosquitoes, which mostly feed on plant nectar, are important pollinators. They are also a food source for birds and bats while their young - as larvae - are consumed by fish and frogs. This could have an effect further ahead in the food chain. Mosquitoes also have limited the destructive impact of humanity on nature. Mosquitoes make tropical rainforests, for humans, virtually uninhabitable. Rainforests are home to a large share of our total plant and animal species, and nothing has done more to delay man-made destruction over the past 10,000 years than the mosquito.

Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35408835

According to the text, choose the correct statement.

a) Female mosquitoes from all the species cause the diseases mentioned.

b) People from wealthy countries are the most bitten by mosquitoes.

c) Mosquitoes are also important for food chain balance and pollination.

d) A few species of male mosquitoes were genetically modified.

e) Mosquitoes carry diseases, infect animals and destroy the rainforests.

resolva Q57784 | Comente a Questão (coloque o Nº "Q57784") | » Apostila de Inglês 2025

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